Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
SYMPTOMATOLOGY (WITHIN 5 TO 90 MIN AFTER INGESTION): 1. NAUSEA & VOMITING ... 2.
FEELING OF WARMTH. HEADACHE. 3. CONFUSION, VERTIGO, EXCITEMENT, RESTLESSNESS, DELIRIUM,
AND HALLUCINATIONS. 4. INCR MUSCULAR EXCITABILITY, TREMORS, AND JERKY MOVEMENTS. 5.
EPILEPTIFORM CONVULSIONS, FOLLOWED BY DEPRESSION. CONVULSIONS SOMETIMES OCCUR EARLY IN
SYNDROME & MAY BE SEVERE ... 6. COMA. CNS DEPRESSION MAY ... BE PRIMARY CLINICAL
RESPONSE. 7. DEATH RESULTS FROM RESPIRATORY FAILURE OR FROM STATUS EPILEPTICUS. 8. SLOW
CONVALESCENCE (DAYS OR WEEKS), OFTEN WITH PERSISTENT GASTRIC DISTRESS.
IN CASES WHERE EXCESSIVE DOSE OF 0.06-4 G WERE ADMIN, VISUAL DISTURBANCES HAVE ... BEEN
ASSOCIATED WITH GENERAL EXCITATION. AN APPEARANCE OF FLICKERING, DARKENING, OR VEILING OF
VISION ... ACCOMPANIED NOISES IN EAR, WEAKNESS, AND ... CONVULSIONS.
SKIN BECOMES CLAMMY AND THE FACE IS ALTERNATELY FLUSHED & PALE ... PULSE IS WEAK
& RAPID /WHEN TOXIC CONCN INGESTED/.
One and one half g have been ingested ... in an adult ... with recovery ... in children
0.7 to 1.0 g has proved fatal. ... Urinary retention, albuminuria, and anuria are ...
described in non-fatal cases, but kidney lesions in fatal poisonings are not always
prominent. Mild and transient hepatic derangements may occur and widespread hemorrhages
are described in one fatal case. ... fetal death ... resulted /after camphor
ingestion by mother/ ... postmortem exam revealed severe atelectasis and central neuronal
necrosis ...
Camphor remains in over 950 products listed
in Poisindex. ... a review of all camphor
ingestions est to be 2 mg/kg or greater was made ... seventy-three patients (90%) remained
asymptomatic, three (4%) developed minor symptoms, and five (6%), all ingesting over 59
mg/kg, developed major symptoms. There were no deaths.
Drug Warnings:
MEDICATION (VET): /SRP: FORMERLY/ ... DEEP IM INJECTIONS WERE REQUIRED TO AVOID
ABSCESSATION. INJECT NECESSARY DOSAGE IN TWO OR MORE SITES.
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
CAMPHOR EXPOSURE IN A PACKAGING PLANT IS
DISCUSSED.
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for general
reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE
CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright
1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication,
replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation
of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited. The following Overview, *** CAMPHOR ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Initial effects of poisoning generally include
gastrointestinal effects (stomatitis, nausea, vomiting,
and epigastric distress) and CNS effects (restlessness,
excitement, delirium, and seizures). Late stage may
include CNS depression characterized by apnea and
potentially, coma.
o ABSORPTION - Camphor is readily and rapidly absorbed
from the skin, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
o ONSET - Onset of symptoms is generally within 5 to 20
minutes of ingestion and peaks within 90 minutes.
o CHILDREN - Death in a small child may occur with
ingestion of as little as 5 mL of camphorated oil (1
gram of camphor).
o DIAGNOSIS - Odor of camphor on the breath and in the
urine may assist in diagnosis of camphor poisoning.
Clinical presentation and laboratory results of chronic
camphor intoxication have been reported to mimic Reye's
syndrome.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Mydriasis, flickering, darkening, or veiling of vision
may occur.
RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Postictal respiratory depression and apnea may occur.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Seizures are characteristic of toxicity. Confusion,
agitation, delirium, irritability, and tremor can also
be seen.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Oral and epigastric burning, nausea, and vomiting may
develop.
HEPATIC
0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Mild intoxication may produce elevated liver function
tests; chronic ingestion may produce granulomatous
hepatitis or fatty metamorphosis.
HEMATOLOGIC
0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Leukocyte levels may become elevated following acute
intoxications.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Contact allergy and sensory irritation have been
reported
|
| Laboratory: |
o Specific laboratory work is not generally available for
this poison. A gas chromatographic procedure for
analyzing plasma-camphor levels has been developed.
o Only limited information currently exists on toxic plasma
levels of camphor.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Do not administer ipecac, since seizures may occur
suddenly.
o GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
1. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and
trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM
(ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as
needed. CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min
as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 4 to 8 mg; CHILD: 0.05
to 0.1 mg/kg).
1. Consider phenobarbital if seizures recur after diazepam
30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years).
2. Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory
depression, and need for endotracheal intubation.
Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances,
hypoxia.
o AIRWAY MANAGEMENT - Treat respiratory depression with
endotracheal intubation and ventilatory assistance as
necessary.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o LETHAL DOSE - 1 gram has caused death in a small child.
In adults, 2 grams can produce toxic symptoms, although 20
grams may be compatible with survival. Camphorated oil,
which is currently no longer available, has contained as
high as 20% camphor, so each 5 mL contained 1 gram
camphor. It has been reported that fatalities may result
with doses between 50 and 150 mg/kg.
o Acute camphor poisoning secondary to tasting (or
accidental ingestion of small amounts, ie, one
teaspoonful) of Vicks Vaporub, or similar products, is
unlikely.
o Major symptoms of syncope, cyanosis, hypotension,
arrhythmias, and mental status changes were associated
with ingestions of greater than 35 mg/kg of camphor.
o One adult survived a dose of 30 grams.
|
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
A 2-yr old boy drank approx 9.15 ml of Camphophenique (10.8% camphor).
Approx 10 min later, while en route to the emergency department, the child experienced a
tonic-clonic seizure lasting 4 to 5 min. On arrival, his vital signs showed blood pressure
of 100/72 mm Hg, pulse 124/min, unlabored respirations 24/min and temp of 37 deg C. The
child was lethargic and initially did not respond to pain. Management included placement
of iv lines and infusion of 17 mg/kg phenobarbital. Orogastric lavage was followed by
instillation of 15 g activated charcoal. A room air arterial blood gas revealed pH, 7.36,
PO2, 110; and PCO2, 36. Complete blood count, electrolytes, liver function test, serum
ammonia, and chest radiography were normal. Phenobarbital, 30 mg iv every 12 hr was
continued. Mental status cleared over the next 24 hr.
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
When taken by mouth, camphor can cause fatal
poisoning. The lethal dose in the dog is 9-14 g. The general effects ... preliminary
stimulation, with subsequent paralysis, of the central nervous system. Death is due to
asphyxia.
Neuronal necrosis ... produced exptl in mice by ... admin of multiple doses.
THE INFLUENCE OF SYSTEMIC CAMPHOR POISONING
ON PUPILS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED IN RABBITS; MYDRIASIS IS CHARACTERISTIC.
In the liver microsomes of female mice, two induction phases during inhalation of DL-camphor were found. During the first 24 hr the
apparent molar activity of the ethylumbelliferone dealkylase decr very much. In the second
phase, the molar ethylumbelliferone dealkylase activity was constant.
In urethane-anesthetized rabbits, ... camphor
had a vasodilating action in the isolated rabbit-ear vessels when directly applied to the
vessel at 50%.
Ongoing Test Status:
The NTP Toxicology Research and Testing Program releases a Management Status Report on
a quarterly basis. This report gives the status of chemicals studied, under study, or
proposed for study by NTP. The 07/11/2001 issue indicates that short term toxicity study
on dl-camphor is scheduled for peer review.
Route: topical; Species: rats and mice.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
CAMPHOR IS PARTIALLY OXIDIZED ... AND
PARTIALLY CONJUGATED WITH GLYCURONIC ACID.
D-CAMPHOR IS HYDROXYLATED BY RAT AND
RABBIT-LIVER MICROSOMES TO YIELD THREE PRODUCTS: 5-EXO-HYDROXYCAMPHOR,
5-ENDO-HYDROXYCAMPHOR, AND A 3-HYDROXYCAMPHOR OF UNKNOWN STEREOCHEMISTRY. L-CAMPHOR IS OXIDIZED SIMILARLY. /D-CAMPHOR/
THE 2-KETO-GROUP OF D-CAMPHOR WAS NOT REDUCED
BY RAT LIVER PREPN, BUT WAS RAPIDLY REDUCED IN RABBIT LIVER CYTOSOL TO YIELD ... BORNEOL,
& A SMALL AMT OF ... ISOBORNEOL. /D-CAMPHOR/
BORNANE-2,5-DIONE WAS ALSO DETECTED AS A MINOR METABOLITE OF CAMPHOR
... IN RAT AND RABBIT-LIVER PREPN ...
THE METABOLISM OF (+)-CAMPHOR AND (-)-CAMPHOR WAS INVESTIGATED IN RABBITS AFTER ADMIN OF
STOMACH TUBE; METABOLITES OF (+)-CAMPHOR WERE
(+)-BORNEOL, (+)-5-ENDO-HYDROXYCAMPHOR, & (+)-3-ENDOHYDROXYCAMPHOR.
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
ABSORPTION THROUGH MUCOUS MEMBRANES OCCURS RAPIDLY ... TOXIC LEVEL MAY BE ACHIEVED
WITHIN FEW MIN AFTER INGESTION. CAMPHOR ...
REMOVED FROM BLOODSTREAM ... EITHER BY THE LIVER ... OR LIPID DEPOSITS ...
... after camphor ingestion by mothers ... camphor was detectable in maternal blood 15 min after
ingestion, but not after 8 hr. At delivery 36 hr later ... it was present in amnionic
fluid, cord and fetal blood and fetal brain, liver and kidneys.
ALIMENTARY ABSORPTION OF PURE CAMPHOR, OR OF
ALCOHOL SOLN ... IS QUITE RAPID, BUT FROM THE OIL PREPN ABSORPTION IS CONSTANT. CAMPHOR IS ... SLOWLY ABSORBED FROM SC OR IM DEPOTS.
ABSORBED CAMPHOR IS MAINLY ELIMINATED AS THE
OXIDIZED CAMPHOROL IN THE URINE, ALTHOUGH SOME APPEARS IN THE BREATH, SWEAT, AND FECES.
Pharmacology:
Therapeutic Uses:
Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antipruritics; Pharmaceutic Aids
IT /SRP: WAS FORMERLY/ USED ... IN HUMANS FOR INFLAMED JOINTS, SPRAINS, AND RHEUMATIC
AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS SUCH AS COLDS IN THROAT AND CHEST. ... PT MAY FEEL
IMPROVED /HOWEVER/ INFLAMMATION IS NOT AFFECTED.
MEDICATION (VET): LOCALLY, CAMPHOR IS WEAKLY
ANTISEPTIC AND HAS A RUBEFACIENT ACTION WHEN APPLIED TO SKIN. IT IS A COMMON INGREDIENT OF
MANY LINIMENTS.
MEDICATION (VET): /CAMPHOR/ ... AS A STEAM
INHALANT HAS BEEN POPULAR IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES OF HORSES AND POULTRY. ORALLY, IT HAS
BEEN POPULAR IN ANTIFERMENT & CARMINATIVE MIXTURES FOR CALF SCOURS, AND IN EXPECTORANT
MIXTURES.
MEDICALLY AS TOPICAL ANTI-INFECTIVE & ANESTHETIC
MEDICATION (VET): EXTERNALLY AS ANTIPRURITIC, COUNTERIRRITANT & ANTISEPTIC; /SRP:
FORMERLY USED/ INTERNALLY AS STIMULANT & CARMINATIVE
MEDICATION: CAMPHORATED PARACHLOROPHENOL ... IS USED IN DENTISTRY FOR THE TREATMENT OF
INFECTED ROOT CANALS
Drug Warnings:
MEDICATION (VET): /SRP: FORMERLY/ ... DEEP IM INJECTIONS WERE REQUIRED TO AVOID
ABSCESSATION. INJECT NECESSARY DOSAGE IN TWO OR MORE SITES.
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
CAMPHOR EXPOSURE IN A PACKAGING PLANT IS
DISCUSSED.
Natural Pollution Sources:
OBTAINED FROM CAMPHOR TREE, CINNAMOMUM
CAMPHORA (L), LAURACEAE, WHICH IS NATIVE TO CHINA, FORMOSA, & JAPAN ALONG WITH RELATED
VARIETIES. /FROM TABLE/
CAMPHOR SAFROLE, HON-SHO VARIETY /JAPAN &
FORMOSA/: ... OIL FROM LEAVES, WOOD, & STUMPWOOD CONTAINS FREE CRYSTALLINE CAMPHOR. ... CAMPHOR
LINALOOL, HO-SHO VARIETY ... CONTAINS 42% CAMPHOR.
GC/MS anal of Indian patchouli oil revealed the presence of 39 volatile compds
/including camphor/.
Fifty-three of the 56 gas-chromatog peaks found in the steam-distd oils obtained from
foliage collected in Mexico were identified /including camphor/
and amts are tabulated; of these compds, 48 were found in both. ... In general, Juniperus
flaccida flaccida had more sesquiterpenoids and diterpenes than Juniperus flaccida
poblana, and several compds found were unusual for juniper leaf oils. Morphol and chem
anal indicated that these species are considerably different from other juniper species in
the Western Hemisphere.
Terpenes and other constituents /including camphor/
were identified in the volatile leaf oils of the junipers of Guatemala and Chiapas,
Mexico: Juniperus comitana, Juniperus gamboana, and Juniperus standleyi by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry.
The 19 components of the terpenoid and sesquiterpenoid fractions, which were
identified, constituted 90.3% of these fractions. Camphor,
isobornyl valerate, and isobornyl butyrate (25.7%, 17.8%, and 10% of the essential oil wt,
were the main components of ... Salvia garedzhii essential oil.
Essential oils from all needle and bark samples, collected ... from 46 species of 11
genera of Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae, contained varying amts of ...camphor.
The avg oil content of the aerial parts of R. officinalis was 1-52 mL/100 g dry
material. The oil contained ... camphor.
S triloba leaves from wild plants in 8 regions of Greece / were found to contain camphor/.
The major componenents of O. kilimandscharicum oil from Brazil was camphor.
Samples off oils from A. arborescens L. Leaf and flower was /found to contain camphor/.
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
State Drinking Water Guidelines:
(NH) NEW HAMPSHIRE 200 ug/l
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C10-H16-O
Molecular Weight:
152.26
Color/Form:
COLORLESS OR WHITE CRYSTALS, GRANULES, OR CRYSTALLINE MASSES; OR AS COLORLESS TO WHITE,
TRANSLUCENT, TOUGH MASSES
RHOMBOHEDRAL CRYSTALS FROM ALCOHOL; CUBIC CRYSTALS BY MELTING & CHILLING
Colorless or white crystals.
Odor:
FRAGRANT & PENETRATING ODOR
Penetrating aromatic odor.
Taste:
SLIGHTLY BITTER & COOLING TASTE
Boiling Point:
204 DEG C
Melting Point:
179.75 DEG C
Density/Specific Gravity:
0.992 @ 25 DEG C/4 DEG C
Solubilities:
1 G DISSOLVES (@ 25 DEG C) IN: 800 ML WATER, 1 ML ALCOHOL, 1 ML ETHER, 0.5 ML
CHLOROFORM, 0.4 ML BENZENE, 1.5 ML OIL OF TURPENTINE, 0.5 ML GLACIAL ACETIC ACID; SOL IN
ANILINE, NITROBENZENE, CARBON DISULFIDE, TETRALIN, DECALIN, METHYLHEXALIN, PETROLEUM
ETHER, HIGHER ALCOHOLS, FIXED & VOLATILE OILS, CONCN MINERAL ACIDS IN PHENOL, LIQ
AMMONIA, & LIQ SULFUR DIOXIDE
water solubility = 1.60X10+3 mg/l @ 25 deg C
Spectral Properties:
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5462 @ 20 DEG C/D; MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 290 NM (LOG E=
1.48)
MAX ABSORPTION (CHLOROFORM): 292 NM
MAX ABSORPTION (ACID & BASE SALT SOLVENTS): 304 NM
Vapor Density:
5.24 (AIR= 1)
Vapor Pressure:
0.65 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
Liquefies when triturated with chloral hydrate, menthol, resorcinol, beta-naphthol,
salol, thymol, phenol, urethan; peculiar tenacity and cannot be powdered in a mortar
unless moistened with an organic solvent; at 80 deg C and 12 mm pressure sublimes within
60 min
NATURAL FORM-DEXTROROTARY; SYNTHETIC FORM-RACEMIC
EFFECTIVELY ADSORBED BY ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
EUTECTIC TEMP WITH BENZIL 50 DEG C
SUBLIMES @ BOILING POINT
SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION: 44.26 DEG @ 20 DEG C/D (D FORM); -44.2 DEG @ 16 DEG C/D
(ALCOHOL, 16.5%) (L FORM)
It is precipitated from its alcoholic soln by the addition of water; it is precipitated
from camphor water by the addition of sol salts
IR: 6049 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(dl)/
UV: 90 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(dl)/
NMR: 30 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(dl)/
MASS: 912 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /Camphor (dl)/
IR: 6049 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(l)/
UV: 96 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(l)/
NMR: 2707 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(l)/
MASS: 912 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /Camphor (l)/
IR: 6049 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(d)/
UV: 96 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(d)/
NMR: 30 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) /Camphor
(d)/
MASS: 912 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /Camphor (d)/
MASS: 489 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base, NSRDS-NBS-63)
/Beta-Camphor/
Chemical Safety & Handling:
DOT Emergency Guidelines:
Fire or explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat,
sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts,
shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence.
Substance may be transported in a molten form. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. /Camphor; Camphor,
synthetic/
Health: Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin
and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff
from fire control may cause pollution. /Camphor;
Camphor, synthetic/
Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If
Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on
the inside back cover. Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 10 to 25 meters
(30 to 80 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out
of low areas. /Camphor; Camphor,
synthetic/
Protection clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Camphor; Camphor,
synthetic/
Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters
(330 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800
meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2
mile) in all directions. /Camphor; Camphor, synthetic/
Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, sand, earth, water spray or regular foam. Large
fires: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it
without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Cool containers with flooding
quantities of water until well after fire is out. For massive fire, use unmanned hose
holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration
of tank. ALWAYS stay away from the ends of tanks. /Camphor;
Camphor, synthetic/
Spill or leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in
immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Small dry spills: With
clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers
from spill area. Large spills: Wet down with water and dike for later disposal. Prevent
entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. /Camphor;
Camphor, synthetic/
First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial
respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance,
immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Removal of
solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance. Keep victim warm and
quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take
precautions to protect themselves. /Camphor; Camphor, synthetic/
Fire Potential:
Evolves flammable vapors when heated ...
NFPA Hazard Classification:
Health: 0. 0= Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard
beyond that of ordinary combustible material.
Flammability: 2. 2= Materials which must be moderately heated before ignition will
occur. Water spray may be used to extinguish the fire because the material can be cooled
below its flash point.
Reactivity: 0. 0= Materials which (in themselves) are normally stable even under fire
exposure conditions and which are not reactive with water. Normal fire fighting procedures
may be used.
Flammable Limits:
Lower 0.6%; upper: 3.5%
Flash Point:
150 deg F; 66 deg C (CC)
Autoignition Temperature:
871 deg F (466 deg C)
Fire Fighting Procedures:
FOAM, CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL
Explosive Limits & Potential:
... CAMPHOR ... WILL REACT VIOLENTLY WITH
CHROMIC ANHYDRIDE. /CHROMIC ANHYDRIDE PLUS NAPHTHALENE/
Evolves explosive vapors when heated ...
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:
Strong oxidizers (especially chromic anhydride & potassium permanganate).
/Synthetic/
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health:
200 mg/cu m /Synthetic/
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Synthetic/
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Synthetic/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 50 mg/cu m. Respirator
Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. Eye protection
needed. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in
combination with a dust and mist filter. Eye protection needed. /Synthetic/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 100 mg/cu m. Respirator
Class(es): Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor
cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any air-purifying,
full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic
vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter. Any powered, air-purifying
respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination
with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Eye protection needed. Any self-contained
breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full
facepiece. /Synthetic/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 200 mg/cu m. Respirator
Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a
pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Synthetic/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into
unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing
apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is
operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an
auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other
positive-pressure mode. /Synthetic/
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring
respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator
(gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a
high-efficiency particulate filter. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing
apparatus. /Synthetic/
Preventive Measures:
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. /Synthetic/
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is
conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only
upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance,
characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment,
and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose
irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be
harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any
event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in
place.
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Synthetic/
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and
replaced. /Synthetic/
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated
clothing before leaving the work premises. /Synthetic/
Stability/Shelf Life:
SUBLIMES APPRECIABLY AT ROOM TEMP & PRESSURE.
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in
commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is
properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as
required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are
published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and
constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member
airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for
transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a
number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such
substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should
always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when
shipping any substance or article.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Threshold Limit Values:
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 2 ppm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) 4 ppm /Camphor, synthetic/
A4. A4= Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
NIOSH Recommendations:
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 2 mg/cu m. /Synthetic/
Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health:
200 mg/cu m /Synthetic/
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
USED IN MFR OF PLASTICS; AS PLASTICIZER FOR CELLULOSE ESTERS & ETHERS; IN LACQUERS
& VARNISHES; IN EXPLOSIVES; IN PYROTECHNICS; IN EMBALMING FLUID; IN MFR OF CYMENE; IN
CAMPHORATED PARACHLOROPHENOL, PAREGORIC, & FLEXIBLE COLLODION
MEDICATION
MEDICATION (VET)
ISOLATION OF CINEOL, SAFROLE, LINALOOL, & IN PERFUMERY /CAMPHOR
OIL/
INSECT REPELLANT (PARTICULARLY TO CONTROL CLOTHES MOTHS); COSMETIC INGREDIENT
(DEPILATORIES, DEODORANT); COUNTER-IRRITANT
IN FLAVORS JAPANESE WHITE CAMPHOR OIL (FEMA
NO 2231) HAS BEEN REPORTED USED IN ... NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 5.4 PPM, BAKED GOODS 1.6-48
PPM, & CONDIMENTS 15 PPM. /CAMPHOR OIL/
Manufacturers:
Lonza Inc, Hq, 17-17 Route 208, Fair Lawn, NJ 07410, (201) 794-2400; Specialty
Chemicals Division; Production site: Williamsport, PA 17701
Methods of Manufacturing:
CAN BE OBTAINED FROM STEAM DISTILLATION OF PARTS OF THE CAMPHOR
TREE; HOWEVER IT IS USUALLY MADE FROM ALPHA-PINENE VIA CAMPHENE, TO BORNYL ACETATE,
FOLLOWED BY SAPONIFICATION & OXIDATION
/NATURAL/ TRUE CAMPHOR OIL IS /STEAM/
DISTILLED FROM FORMOSAN & JAPANESE VARIETIES. ... THE WOOD ... CONTAINS CRUDE
CRYSTALLINE CAMPHOR THAT IS REMOVED BY FILTER
PRESSING. ... OIL IS ... VACUUM RECTIFIED, YIELDING /MORE/ CAMPHOR
& ... FRACTIONS SOLD COMMERCIALLY ... /WHITE, BROWN, YELLOW, & BLUE CAMPHOR OIL/
General Manufacturing Information:
MORE THAN 3/4 OF CAMPHOR SOLD IN US IS
PRODUCED SYNTHETICALLY, & MOST IS SOLD IN THE RACEMIC FORM, ALTHOUGH USP SPECIFIES THE
D-FORM. INCOMPATIBLE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGAGANTE; SALTS OF ANY KIND SHOULD NOT BE ADDED
TO CAMPHOR WATER.
CAMPHOR (2-CAMPHANONE) AND CAMPHORATED OILS
ARE NO LONGER USED AS STIMULANTS IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. NEITHER IS PERMITTED AS AN INTERNAL
MEDICATION (EXCEPT IN PARAGORIC), AND CAMPHORATED OIL HAS BEEN BANNED ON THE AMERICAN
MARKET
Formulations/Preparations:
Grades: technical (synthetic); USP.
ALCANFOR
Bornane, 2-oxo-
FORMOSA CAMPHOR
GUM CAMPHOR
JAPAN CAMPHOR
LAUREL CAMPHOR
NATRICARIA CAMPHOR
ROOT BARK OIL
SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR
CAMPHO-PHENIQUE LIQUID CONTAINS 10.85% CAMPHOR,
CAMPHO-PHENIQUE POWDER CONTAINS 4.38% CAMPHOR
PREPARATONS OF CAMPHOR FOR LOCAL APPLICATION
INCUDE CAMPHOR SPIRIT (10% IN ALCOHOL) AND
CAMPHORATED PARACHLOROPHENOL (35% PARACHLOROPHENOL AND 65% CAMPHOR)/AND/...
AS A 0.1 TO 3% LOTION
U. S. Production:
(1972) ND
(1975) ND
(1986) ND
U. S. Imports:
(1972) 3.71X10+7 GRAMS (NATURAL & SYNTHETIC)
(1975) 5.8X10+8 GRAMS (NATURAL, SYNTHETIC, ADVANCED)
(1984) 7.6X10+8 g
U. S. Exports:
(1972) ND
(1975) ND
(1986) ND
Laboratory Methods:
Clinical Laboratory Methods:
A screening and confirmation procedure for drugs and metabolites /including camphor/ in the blood serum and urine of racing
animals was developed /using tandem mass spectrometry/. Equine blood serum was spiked with
low concn of several drugs of interest. Canine blood serum and urine were collected
following oral doses of diethylcarbamazine, procaine, and phenylbutazone. Serum, urine,
and exts of each were analyzed, using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Simultaneous
screening of up to 50 drugs was possible in a single sample, in < 2 min. Detection
limits for most compds were in the ng/ml to mug/ml range, using 1 mul samples. This
procedure provided fast, sensitive screening for selected drugs and metabolites in blood
serum and urine.
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
CAMPHOR IN SPIRITS. COLORIMETRIC
DETERMINATION. 39.064-39.067. CAMPHOR. GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY & GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY.
IODOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CAMPHOR.
HIGH-PRESSURE LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CAMPHOR
IN CAMPHORATED PARACHLOROPHENOL.
DETERMINATION OF CAMPHOR IN WATER BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY USING FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR.
GAS-LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF SOLVENTS IN NAIL LACQUER PREPN.
Analyte: camphor; matrix: air; procedure:
adsorption on charcoal, desorption with eluent, gas chromatography; range: 6-27 mg/cu m.
Chromatographic mass spectrometric study of toxic substances /including camphor/ adsorbed on dust
The identification and quantitative determination of drugs in vaseline (petrolatum) and
plastibase (mineral oil, combination ...) ointment bases ... were carried out with the use
of AIR-IR spectrometry. ... This technique was also successfully used for the in situ
determination of the solubility of drugs (camphor
and thymol) in ointment bases.
The Chinese medicine Bingpian containing ... camphor
was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with a column containing 2.81% PEG-20M on
Chromosorb G-HP as stationary phase. ... Camphor
was calculated by peak height method.
Camphorated oil (20% camphor) was analyzed by
... reverse-phase HDLC /High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography/ with UV detection. The UV
detector was set at 368.5 nm and the samples were eluted from C18 column by 82%
acetonitrile in water.
Samples of oil from A. argorescens L. leaf and flower was analyzed by capillary gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Special References:
Special Reports:
Briggs GG et al; Drugs In Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide To Fetal and
Neonatal Risk (Drugs C); Drugs Preg Lactation 42-100 (1984)
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Related HSDB Records:
900 [CAMPHENE]
Synonyms:
BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTAN-2-ONE, 1,7,7-TRIMETHYL-
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-BORNANONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-CAMPHANONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
CAMPHOR--NATURAL
**PEER REVIEWED**
HUILE DE CAMPHRE [FRENCH]
**PEER REVIEWED**
KAMPFER [GERMAN]
**PEER REVIEWED**
2-KETO-1,7,7-TRIMETHYLNORCAMPHANE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Norcamphor, 1,7,7-trimethyl-
**PEER REVIEWED**
1,7,7-TRIMETHYLBICYCLO(2.2.1)-2-HEPTANONE
**PEER REVIEWED**
1,7,7-TRIMETHYLNORCAMPHOR
**PEER REVIEWED**
Associated Chemicals:
Camphor (dl);21368-68-3
Camphor (l);464-48-2
Camphor (d);464-49-3
Beta-Camphor;10292-98-5
Formulations/Preparations:
Grades: technical (synthetic); USP.
ALCANFOR
Bornane, 2-oxo-
FORMOSA CAMPHOR
GUM CAMPHOR
JAPAN CAMPHOR
LAUREL CAMPHOR
NATRICARIA CAMPHOR
ROOT BARK OIL
SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR
CAMPHO-PHENIQUE LIQUID CONTAINS 10.85% CAMPHOR,
CAMPHO-PHENIQUE POWDER CONTAINS 4.38% CAMPHOR
PREPARATONS OF CAMPHOR FOR LOCAL APPLICATION
INCUDE CAMPHOR SPIRIT (10% IN ALCOHOL) AND
CAMPHORATED PARACHLOROPHENOL (35% PARACHLOROPHENOL AND 65% CAMPHOR)/AND/...
AS A 0.1 TO 3% LOTION
Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:
UN 2717; Camphor, natural or synthetic
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/EX1225000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 37
Last Revision Date: 20011010
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 5/28/1986
Update History:
Complete Update on 10/10/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/03/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/11/2000, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/03/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/12/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/17/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/25/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/27/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/11/1997, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/24/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/11/1996, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/12/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/23/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1996, 8 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/18/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/26/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/18/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/19/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/20/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/07/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/04/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/05/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/20/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/10/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/20/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/27/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/13/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 05/18/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/11/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/05/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/09/1988, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/12/1988, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/08/1988, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/12/1987
Record Length: 67667
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